贝龄对马氏珠母贝植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状的影响 [中文引用][英文引用]

以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)速长系F₂为材料, 分析了贝龄对植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状影响。实验设2.0龄贝植核组(A)、2.0龄贝对照组(B), 1.5龄贝植核组(C)和1.5龄贝对照组(D), 按照常规技术进行插核手术与海区养殖, 育珠期为450 d。在插核后第15、30、60、180、270和450天, 比较各组的平均体质量和成活率差异; 在插核后270 d和450 d, 比较A和C组留核率、珍珠层厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量的差异。结果表明, 在插核后第15、30、 60、180和270和450天, 4个组的平均体质量和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05), C和D组的成活率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05), C和D组的体质量日增长率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05)。在插核后第270天, A和C组的留核率、珍珠层厚度和珍珠产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05), A和C组间优质珠率差异不显著(P>0.05); 在插核后第450天, C组留核率、珍珠厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量均显著大于A组(P<0.05)。结论认为, 利用低龄贝进行插核育珠明显提高植核贝的留核率、成活率和珍珠层厚度, 从而能够提高珍珠质量。本研究旨在为合理设计马氏珠母贝的养殖模式提供科学依据。

The present experiment reported the effects of age on growth, survival and pearl production traits of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. The donor and host oysters were sampled each from the selected line by a two successive selection for superior growth in the base population. Pearl production traits included retention rate, pearl thickness, high quality pearl rate and pearl yield. Four groups were designed in the present experiment: A group, 2-year-old individuals with nuclei-operation; B group, 2-year-old individuals without nuclei-operation; C group, 1.5-year-old individuals with nuclei-operation; D group, 1.5-year-old individuals without nuclei-operation. Growth traits of the four groups were evaluated based on the total weight measurement data at days 15, 30, 60, 180, 270 and 450 after nucleus-inserting operation. Survival rate were evaluated among the four groups at each sampling time and retention rate, pearl thickness, high quality pearl rate and pearl yield between groups A and C were also compared at days 270 and 450. It was found that there were significant differences in body weight and survival among the four groups at days 15, 30, 60, 180, 270 and 450 after nuclei operation (P < 0.05). Survival rate of groups C and D were significantly higher than those of groups A and B at each sampling time (P < 0.05). The growth rates of body weight in groups C and D were significantly higher than those in groups A and B at day 450 (P < 0.05). At day 270 after nucleus-inserting operation, retention rate, pearl thickness and pearl yield of group C were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05), while the difference in high quality rate between groups A and C was insignificant (P > 0.05). At day 450 after nucleus-inserting operation, retention rate, pearl thickness, high quality pearl rate and pearl yield of group C were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05). The present results suggest a new culture method for improving pearl quality by sampling young oyster as host oyster.